精品推薦—遼代北川王玉圭
玉圭，古玉器名。古代帝王、諸侯朝聘、祭祀、喪葬時所用的玉製禮器。為瑞信之物。也作“珪”。形制大小，因爵位及用途不同而異。《說文》中稱的“剡上為圭”指的是上部尖銳下端平直的片狀玉器。圭來源於新石器時代的工具石鏟和石斧，因此今天古學界將新石器時代至商周時期的許多玉鏟及方首長條形玉器都定名為圭。
遼代北川王玉圭
玉圭
，古玉器名。古代帝王、諸侯朝聘、祭祀、喪葬時所用的玉製禮器。為瑞信之物。長條形，上尖下方，也作“珪”。形制大小，因爵位及用途不同而異。《周禮·春官典瑞》有大圭、鎮圭、桓圭、信圭、躬圭、谷璧、蒲璧、四圭、裸圭之別。周代墓中常有發現。
可見刀刻痕跡明顯，從任何角度來看都是純手工雕刻，可見獸面紋，左右眉毛，眼睛並非完全一致，這就像我們人類的眼睛並非完全一致一樣，這樣才顯得生動自然，是手工藝術的表現，而玉石在燈光下可見魚鱗紋的血絲沁色，為鐵礦元素長期，侵染所致，是血玉獨有的特徵，為開門真品無疑。
遼代北川王玉圭傳說中的
血玉
，圭是古代大臣上朝時候手裡拿的那個東西，北川王是遼國的一個封王，一代王侯，官位特別高，後來他是一代帝王，就是孝武惠文皇帝，之前稱北川王，這塊玉叫血絲玉，北川王陪葬玉，此玉圭上小下大。正面上方有鎦金“禮信”二字，“禮信”二字下方有一小圓孔，玉圭正中下方是鎦金古文“北川王之圭”字樣。
從出土西周玉器來看，西周 300餘年的玉器是新的風格逐漸取代商玉風格，從商玉立體的、平面的、繁複的、簡單的多種型別的玉器，逐步轉化為薄片狀、平面陰線刻為主的玉器，較多地沿襲了商玉線條 簡練的做工，後期又出現了一種前所未有的陰線細密紋飾玉器。而玉圭最早見於新石器早期，它是由當時的石斧演變而來的。石斧是在狩獵、勞作和部落戰爭中所使用的工具，逐漸演化為了圭。進入西周，玉圭成為朝廷祭祀的一種禮器，後來又成為一種權利的象徵。朝廷在分封諸侯時，常常賜以玉圭，作為統治地方的權杖，獲得玉圭的諸侯在封地內掌握有生殺大權。
玉圭可視為禮器玉，也是當時社會等級分化的一種象徵，這種玉器的擁有者身份等級較高，不同爵位的人士執不同的圭。玉圭作為禮器，在相當長的一段歷史發展過程中，一方面是天子和大臣身份地位的象徵，同時也是權貴們朝會典禮時的必帶之物。
此北川王血玉圭上小下大，正面上方有鎦金“禮信”二字，“禮信”二字下方有一小圓孔，玉圭正中下方是鎦金古文“北川王之圭”字樣。 背面上方有鎦金如銅錢大小之圓圈，上下左右各一字（鎦金），中間為鎦金人面獸紋，下方為4排16字（鎦金）古文，玉圭呈血色，在玉圭等級中是最高的，存世量極少，極具收藏價值，可遇不可求的精品。
英文翻譯：
Yugui is the name of ancient jade articles。 Jade ritual vessels used by ancient emperors and vassals for their engagements， sacrifices and funerals。 It is a creditable thing。 Also “GUI”。 The shape and size vary according to rank and use。 The “Shan Weigui” in “Sho Moon” refers to the sharp flake jade wares on the upper side and straight at the bottom。 It originates from the tools of the Neolithic age， stone shovel and stone axe， so today‘s palaeoclimatology will be neolithic age to the Shang and Zhou period， many jade shovel and square long strip jade wares are named as kei。
Wang Yugui of Beichuan in liao Dynasty
Yugui is the name of ancient jade articles。 Jade ritual vessels used by ancient emperors and vassals for their engagements， sacrifices and funerals。 It is a creditable thing。 Elongated， upper and lower， also “GUI”。 The shape and size vary according to rank and use。 “The Rites of Zhou · Chun Guan Dian Rui” has the difference of dakei， Zhenkei， Huankei， shin-kei， Gongkei， Gubi， Pubi， four-kei and naked kei。 They are often found in tombs of the Zhou Dynasty。
Obvious effect of the cutter， visible from any point of view is a pure manual sculpture， visible beast grain， eyebrows， eyes are not completely consistent， it’s like we human eyes is not completely consistent， so just appear vivid natural， is the manual art performance， the jade in the visible light scales of blood ooze color， for the long-term iron ore elements， caused by infection， Is the unique characteristics of blood jade， for the door genuine undoubtably。
Liao dynasty Wang Yugui legendary jade blood beichuan， kei is an ancient minister to hold the things in hand， when the king of beichuan is liao countries a king， a generation of princes， particularly high official positions， then he is the emperor， is filial piety Wu Huiwen emperor， said before the king of beichuan， the call bloodshot jade， jade with jade king of beichuan， on the jade， the big small。 On the top of the front there is gold-plating “ritual letter” two words， “ritual letter” two words below a small round hole， jade guizhong is under the ancient gold-plating text “Beichuan Wang Zhiguo”。
From the point of the western zhou dynasty unearthed jade， jade is a new style gradually replace the western zhou dynasty more than 300 years ShangYu style， business jade three-dimensional， flat， heavy and complicated， simple multiple types of jade， gradually transformed into thin sheet， Yin line carved jade， much work with ShangYu line is concise， late again an unprecedented Yin line with fine grain jade。 And yugui was first seen in the early Neolithic period， it is evolved from the stone axe。 Stone axe is used in hunting， labor and tribal warfare tools， gradually evolved into the guzi。 In the Western Zhou Dynasty， yugui became a sacrificial vessel for the court and later a symbol of power。 The imperial court often gave yugui as a scepter to rule the area when enfegifying vassals。 Those vassals who obtained the yugui had the power of life and death in the fief。
Jade jade can be regarded as a ritual jade， is also a symbol of the social class division at that time， this kind of jade owners of higher status， different titles of people with different gugui。 Yugui， as a ritual vessel， in a long historical development process， on the one hand， it was a symbol of the status of the son of heaven and ministers， and at the same time， it was also a necessary thing for the dignitaries to take in the court ceremony。
The blood jade guiyu of Beichuan king is small on the upper part and big on the lower part。 There is gold-plating “ritual letter” on the upper part of the front， and a small round hole on the lower part of the word “ritual letter”。 The ancient gold-plating writing “King‘s Guiyu of Beichuan” is in the center of the jade guiyu。 On the back of the upper part of the circle of gold-plating such as copper money， on the left and right of each word （gold-plating）， the middle for gold-plating face and animal grain， the lower part of the 4 rows of 16 words （gold-plating）， jade is blood， in the grade of jade is the highest， very few， very valuable collection， can not be found。
