語法定語從句
定語從句
定語從句與引導詞
定語從句是在複合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞，
而引導定語從句的詞叫引導詞，有關係代詞和關係副詞兩類。
懂得什麼樣的先行詞後用什麼樣的引導詞是學好定語從句的關鍵。
關係代詞有：that，which，who，whom，whose，在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語，whose
作定語。代人的有：who，whom，whose，that；代物的有：that，which，whose。例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White。（who代人，在定語從句中作主語）
That is the person（whom/who/that） you want to see。（whom，who，that代人，在定
語從句中作賓語，可省略）
Im not the fool（that） you thought me to be。（that代人，在定從中作表語）
A dictionary is a useful book which（＝that） tells us the meaning of words（which
或that代物，在定從中作主語）
關係副詞有：when（指時間），where（指地點），why（指原因），在定語從句中作狀語。
例如：Would you suggest a time（when） we can have a talk？（when可省略）
The house where they live is not very large。/This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting。
注意：不是表時間的先行詞都用when引導定從，不是表地點的先行詞都用where引導定從。例如：Well visit the factory which（＝that） makes radios。
（which或that在定從中作主語，where不可用主語，故不可用）
They still remember the happy days（which/that） they spent in Beidaihe。
（which或that在定從中作spent的賓語，when不可作賓語，故不可用）
二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開，修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞片語或代
詞；非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開，可以修飾主句中的某一個詞，也可修飾整個句子。非限制性定語從句不能用that引導，引導非限制性定語從句的關係詞不能省略。非限制性定語從句例：Li Pings father， who works in a factory， is an engineer。/He tore up my photo， which made me very angry。（which指代主句內容，因前後兩句是因果關係，此時which不可換為as。）
He is good at physics， as is known to us all。＝As is known to us all， he is good at physics。（as指代主句內容，在as is known/believed， as we all know/believe這類結構中as不可換為which）
只用that引導和不用that引導的場合
只用that引導和不用that引導的場合
當先行詞既包括人又包括物時：He talked about the men and the books that attracted
him。
指物的先行詞被any， every， only， very， all， no等修飾時：These are the very points that interest me。/Thats the only watch that I like most。
指物的先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高階修飾時：The first step that we are to take is very difficult。/This is the second card that he gave me。
先行詞是指物的不定代詞all，little，few，much，及everything，anything，nothing等時：There is still much that can be done about it。/Have you got everything that you need？
先行詞是who時：Who that have seen him does not like him？
不用that的場合如下：
1）非限制性定語從句中 Last night ，I saw a very good film，which was about the Long
March 。
2）介詞放在關係代詞之前時 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出現了that，或先行詞是that時 I have found that which I was looking for。
四、“介詞＋關係代詞”用法
介詞的確定應依據定語從句中短語的習慣性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？（shake hands with…是習慣性搭配）
介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies。（through which 即through the telescope）
當關系代詞作“動詞＋介詞”固定短語的賓語時，此時因定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關係代詞前。例如：This is the watch which youre looking for。/He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on。
五、幾個名詞後的引導詞
situation後常用where，in which引導定語從句：Can you imagine a situation where/in
which you can use the word？
way（方式，方法）後常用in which或that或how引導定語從句，也可省略：Do you know the way（in which/that/how） he worked out the problem？
“the same＋名詞”，“such＋名詞”，“as＋名詞”後通常用as引導定語從句。
例如：I have the same dictionary as you（have）。/Such a book as you bought is not worth buying。
定語從句考點分析
The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film。
A。which；that B。that；× C。×；that D。×；×
析：如果兩個定語從句並列，關係代詞作賓語時前一句的可以省略，但後一句的不可省略，故應選C。
It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship。
It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship。
A。when B。which C。that D。×
析：第一句是強調時間in 1969，強調結構是“It was＋強調部分＋that句”，故應選C。第二句It是表時間的，先行詞1969在從句中作狀語，故選A。
Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born？
A。at which B。which C。in which D。at where
析：觀察題目，空白處只有填in which或where才能表達“這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？”這一意思，故答案為C。
Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born？
A。where B。which C。in which D。at which
析：將此句變為陳述句；This house is ______ Shakespeare was born。顯然is後是一表語從句，只有選where（＝the place where）才能表達“這是莎士比亞的出生地”這一意思，故答案為A。
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for
help。
A。to whom B。of whom C。from whom D。that
析：“介詞＋關係代詞”要考慮短語搭配或與先行搭配，這道題短語turn to有關，故
應選A。
The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas
hair。
A．about which B。of which C。in which D。for which
析：涉及be/feel proud of短語，故答案為B。
Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late。
A。why B。that C。for which D。what
析：此題易誤選A、C，因為先行詞是the reason，但細觀察分析，定語從句缺少主語，所以答案是B。注意what不能引導定語從句。
Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain。
A。where B。in place C。that D。the place where
析：因為difficult是形容詞，故其後不是定語從句。這兒的空白處應填引導狀語從句where（＝in the place where），全句表達“在沒有雨水的地方耕種困難”。這一意思，可見答案為A。
We need the same machine ______ in your factory。
A。which is being used B。as is being used
C。that is being used D。as it is being used
析：根據“the same＋先行詞”後跟as引導定語從句的原則，可知答案為B。
10．______ the people，not things ______ are most important。
A。There are；who B。Those are；that C。It is；that D。It was；who
析：仔細觀察分析題目，可知只有C構成強調句才有成立。當我們要檢驗視其為強調
句的判斷是否正確時，只要將“It is （或was）…that”這三個詞去掉，剩下部分讀
起來正確無誤，則證明判斷是正確的，反之是錯誤的。此題如不填“It is…that”
三詞，句子是The people，not things are most important。語義完整正確，說明選
C是對的。
啊