第三課：詞類轉換和構詞知識
A級
基礎過關
Ⅰ。單句填空
1、
（actual），children learn violent behavior from adults or from what they see on television or on the Internet。
2、The animals，housed at Edinburgh Zoo and the National Centre for Chimpanzee Care in Texas，got to listen to works by Mozart，Beethoven and Justin Bieber。But none of them showed any
（prefer） for any kind of music。
3、Having exercised for years，Ernestine did her first bodybuilding show and won her first
（compete）。
4、But poachers（盜獵者） would choose
（simple） to kill them before taking the wool，which caused the number of Tibetan antelopes to drop rapidly。
5、Coming to China is one of the best
（decide） I’ve ever made in my life。
6、A growing number of foreigners hope to promote economic
（develop） in their home countries by highlighting（聚焦） the need for technological achievements like that of China。
7、It
（certain） seems that China’s enthusiasm for yoga isn’t going to cool down any time soon。
8、While studying at Cambridge University，he was diagnosed with motor neuron（運動神經元） disease at the age of 21。His
（ill） left him paralyzed and he was told he only had a short time to live。
9、Recently，the people of Switzerland began telling stories about a
（mystery） figure who walked through the Maules Forest wearing camouflage（偽裝） and a gas mask。
10、The local government has decided to
（length） the railway to the far west of the region。
Ⅱ。單句改錯
1、
Dragons，however，are considered cruelly in western culture，which suggests westerners and Chinese have different understandings of the world。
2、
The next day，we arrived there with gifts we had prepared，and we received a warmly welcome。
3、
He is total addicted to poems and he recites it while waiting for food at restaurants。
4、
It suddenly rained heavy in the midnight and I felt cold。
5、
So far，the book has been translated into many foreign languages。Unfortunate，he died in 1593。
6、For most of us，there will be quite a number of friends to make in our life。We get to meet all these difference faces at times。
7、
The exhibition was held annual to display the latest products in the field of education。
8、
The club was so popular that many students signed up for it。To be honestly，at that time I just followed them without thinking。
9、
Sometimes，you go out with a group of friends and you can’ t decide where to go for dinner because everyone wants to order something differently。
10、
However，many people can’t deal with pressure in an appropriate way so that they become more anxiously。
B級
能力提升
Ⅲ。閱讀理解
A
The Guggenheim Museum attempts to help educators connect students with art。It offers programs for educators，including free arts curricula，professional development courses and workshops，as well as professional meet and greets that pair artists with public school teachers throughout New York City。
•
Visiting
with
your
students
The museum offers a variety of ways for educators and their students to visit，from self-guided tours to a guided experience。
Guggenheim Museum Highlights
Perfect for first-time visitors，the Highlights Tour focuses on the museum’s innovative architecture，history，and permanent collection。
Special Exhibition
This tour offers an opportunity to engage in a lively，in-depth exploration of one of our special exhibitions。Learn about the artistic processes and movements behind some of the most revolutionary artists of the modern and contemporary age。
Custom Tour
Tours can be customized to accommodate a variety of interests，learning styles and subject matter。Our gallery educators can create a one-of-a-kind experience tailored to your group’s needs。
Lecturer’s Badge
Conduct a group tour of up to 20 people。
•
Arts
curriculum
online
The Guggenheim produces free curriculum materials on exhibitions for educators to use both during school visits and in the classroom。While the material focuses on recent exhibitions，a comprehensive range of lessons cover many works and artists in the museum’s collection。
•
Learning
through
art
Learning through art sends experienced teaching artists into New York City public schools where they work with classroom teachers to develop and facilitate art projects into the school curriculum。
•
Education
facilities
Housed in the Sackler Center for Arts Education，the Guggenheim’s education facilities include studio art and multimedia labs，a theater，an exhibition gallery，and a conference room。
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇應用廣告體文章。介紹了Guggenheim博物館為了讓學生接觸並學習藝術，為教育專家和學生們提供了各種各樣的藝術展覽活動，並免費提供線上學習課程及教育設施。
1、Who are the museum’s programs intended for？
A。Students。 B。Parents。
C。Educators。 D。Artists。
2、Which tour can be designed based on your own interest？
A。Custom Tour。
B。Lecturer’s Badge。
C。Special Exhibition。
D。Guggenheim Museum Highlights。
3、How do teaching artists help to make art projects into the school curriculum？
A。By giving lessons online。 B。By working with teachers。
C。By providing free materials。 D。By designing projects alone。
4、What can we do in the Sackler Center？
A。Appreciate art works。
B。Dine with your friends。
C。Perform science experiments。
D。Collect your favorite exhibits。
B
Zach Bonner knows just how far trying can get you。Earlier this month the eleven-year-old completed his biggest charity project to date。He walked almost two thousand kilometers from his home in Florida to Washington D。C。to raise money for homeless children in America。Zach called his project “From My House to the White House”。He carried a message to the American president and lawmakers。He asked for help for the homeless children in the United States。The walk raised tens of thousands of dollars for Zach’s cause。
His mother says Zach has always enjoyed community service work。It began when Hurricane Charley hit Florida in 2014。Zach decided to help victims by walking around his area with his little red wagon collecting and giving out bottles of water。He got the nickname “Little Red Wagon Boy”。Now，“Little Red Wagon” is the name of Zach’s foundation。It has raised money for playgrounds and shelters for homeless children。Zach also gives out thousands of backpacks。He fills each “Zachpac” with a toy，personal cleaning supplies，socks，sewing supplies，a first-aid kit and food。
Zach has won many awards，met several presidents and been on television。But that is not why he wants to help people。Zach Bonner says if you have a good heart you have to use it。And，he says，charity work is a lot of fun。
Eighteen-year-old Christina Johnson and her older sister Geneva started their project，“Bring It On” in the Bronx area of New York City in 2014。They wanted to improve the place where they lived。The area was so dangerous that their parents would not let them play outside。
The girls started a program to empower children in their community。“Bring It On” organizes volunteers to clean up waste in the area。The group also holds classes and talks on health，leadership，how to set up small businesses and other issues。“Bring It On” receives money and other support from local businesses and other sponsors。
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇新聞報道類文章。介紹了美國青少年發起的兩項幫助他人的慈善工程。
5、Which of the following is NOT true about Zach Bonner？
A。He had persuaded his mother to work with him。
B。His walk helped raise a large amount of money。
C。He won his nickname by helping the victims with a little red wagon。
D。He enjoyed himself in doing community service work。
6、Why was Zach Bonner’s foundation started？
A。To ask the American president and lawmakers for help。
B。To win awards and appear on television。
C。To have a lot of funwith other people。
D。To raise money for homeless children。
7、What does the underlined phrase “empower children” in the last paragraph refer to？
A。Give children the power to do anything。
B。Take control of children。
C。Enable children to live safely。
D。Stop children playing with each other。
8、What can be inferred according to the text？
A。“Little Red Wagon” and “Bring It On” are the nicknames of youths。
B。Young people are leading the way in volunteering in the United States。
C。The girls started their program to find lost children in their community。
D。Christina Johnson and Geneva are making efforts to raise money。
Ⅳ。七選五
As new car prices continue to climb，you can find reliable but cheap used cars for sale。Many are readily available online，but car lots and local auto auctions（拍賣）also provide excellent sources for inexpensive vehicles。Here are the tips。
Search
online
1
。Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists。Private sellers may offer considerably lower prices for their cars than a dealer and be more receptive to negotiation。You will find dealer lists on these sites as well。
Visit
local
auctions
Though many car auctions take place online，you still can find a cheap used car at a specialized auto auction。These auctions，available in many bigger cities，are the same ones where local dealers purchase cars for sale。
2
，so check with your local auto auction center to confirm。
3
Many organizations that manage a fleet of vehicles sell their used cars when they remove them from active service。Car rental companies frequently sell late model，relatively low mileage former rental cars for well below the price a dealer would charge for a similar vehicle。For a very cheap used car，consider browsing retired police cars and government surplus vehicles。4。
Be
prepared
to
negotiate
5，you will likely have the opportunity to negotiate for a lower sales price。When negotiating with a dealer，according to the financial magazine
Forbes
，you may be able to get the lowest possible price on the last day of the month，a day with poor weather，or late at night on the weekend。Negotiations with a private seller often are more direct and consist of simply offering your ideal and reasonable price。
A。Consider retired vehicles
B。Ask advice from local dealers
C。These cars will help you save a lot
D。Unless you buy your used car in an auction
E。Rules can vary significantly from auction to auction
F。When you find a chance to ask about the local situation
G。Many private individuals start with online classified websites
【原題體驗】
It was a busy morning，about 8：30，when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital。I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment（約會） at 9：30。
The nurse had him take a __36__in the waiting area，__37__him it would be at least 40 minutes__38__someone would be able to see him。I saw him __39__his watch and decided，since I was __40__ busy—my patient didn’t __41__at the appointed hour，I would examine his wound。While taking care of his wound，I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment。
The gentleman said no and told me that he __42__to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his __43__。He told me that she had been__44__for a while and that she had a special disease。I asked if she would be __45__if he was a bit late。He replied that she __46__knew who he was，that she had not been able to __47__him for five years now。I was __48__，and asked him，“And you __49__go every morning，even though she doesn’t know who you are？”
He smiled and said。“She doesn’t know me，but I know who she is。” I had to hold back__50__as he left。
Now I__51__that in marriages，true love is __52__of all that is。The happiest people don’t __53__have the best of everything；they just __54__the best of everything they have。__55__isn’t about how to live through the storm，but how to dance in the rain。
36．A。breath B．test
C．seat D．break
37．A。persuading B．promising
C．understanding D．telling
38．A。if B．before
C．since D．after
39．A。taking off B．fixing
C．looking at D．winding
40．A。very B．also
C．seldom D．not
41．A。turn up B．show off
C．come on D．go away
42．A。needed B．forgot
C．agreed D．happened
43．A。daughter B．wife
C．mother D．sister
44．A。late B．well
C．around D．there
45．A。lonely B．worried
C．doubtful D．hungry
46．A。so far B．neither
C．no longer D．already
47．A。recognize B．answer
C．believe D．expect
48．A。moved B．disappointed
C．surprised D．satisfied
49．A。only B．then
C．thus D．still
50．A。curiosity B．tears
C．words D．judgment
51．A。realize B．suggest
C．hope D．prove
52．A。agreement B．expression
C．acceptance D．exhibition
53．A。necessarily B．completely
C．naturally D．frequently
54．A。learn B．make
C．favor D．try
55．A。Adventure B．Beauty
C．Trust D．Life
【原題拓展訓練】
Ⅰ。完成這篇文章的文脈構架圖
Ⅱ。資訊句與長難句分析
1、The nurse had him take a seat in the waiting area，telling him it would be at least 40 minutes before someone would be able to see him。
分析：had him take。。。是一個“________________”結構，表示“使某人做某事”；現在分詞短語telling him。。。作______________，主語The nurse和tell在邏輯上存在著______關係；第二個him後省略連線詞that，後面是一個____________，該從句中含有before引導的________________。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
2、I saw him looking at his watch and decided，since I was not busy—my patient didn’t turn up at the appointed hour，I would examine his wound。
分析：and連線________，在後一個分句中，省略了主語I，在該分句中since引導______________。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
【原題體驗】
Shakespeare’s Birthplace and
Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World
Welcome to the worldfamous house where William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and where he grew up。The property（房產） remained in the ownership of Shakespeare’s family until 1806。The House has welcomed visitors travelling from all over the world，for over 250 years。
♦Enter through the Visitors’ Centre and see the highlypraised exhibition
Shakespeare
’
s
World
，a lively and full introduction to the life and work of Shakespeare。
♦Stand in the rooms where Shakespeare grew up。
♦Discover examples of furniture and needlework from Shakespeare’s period。
♦Enjoy the traditional English garden，planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poet’s works。
■The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map；nearest is Windsor Street （3 minutes’ walk）．
The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre，its exhibition，and the garden are accessible（可進入的） to wheelchair users。
嚔The Shakespeare Coffee House （opposite the Birthplace）．
56、How much is the admission for a family of two grownups and two children？
A．￡9。80。 B．￡12。00。
C．￡14。20。 D．￡16。40。
57、Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare’s Birthplace？
A．Behind the exhibition hall。
B．Opposite the Visitors’ Centre。
C．At Windsor Street。
D．Near the Coffee House。
58、A wheelchair user may need help to enter________。
A．the House B．the garden
C．the Visitors’ Centre D．the exhibition hall
【原題拓展訓練】
Ⅰ。完成這篇文章的文脈構架圖
↓
↓
↓
→
↓
→
Ⅱ。資訊句與長難句分析
1、（58題資訊句）The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre，its exhibition，and the garden are accessible（可進入的） to wheelchair users。
分析：but連線________，表示轉折；在第二個分句中，主語為__________：the Visitors’ Centre，its exhibition，and the garden，________是謂語動詞，accessible是______，to wheelchair users動詞不定式作賓語。
翻譯：_______________________________________________________________________
2、Welcome to the worldfamous house where William Shakespeare was born in l564 and where he grew up。
分析：where William Shakespeare was born in l564 and where he grew up為兩個並列的________從句，分別______先行詞the worldfamous house。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
3、The House has welcomed visitors travelling from all over the world，for over 250 years。
分析：現在分詞短語travelling from all over the world作______，修飾visitors，也可以改為定語從句__________________________。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
4、Enjoy the traditional English garden，planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poet’s works。
分析：過去分詞短語planted with trees and flowers修飾________________________，是一個非限定性定語；過去分詞短語mentioned in the poet’s works修飾________________，是一個限定性定語。
翻譯： ________________________________________________________________________
【原題體驗】
EDGEWOOD—Every morning at Dixie Heights High school，customers pour into a special experiment：the district’s first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs。
Well before classes start，students and teachers order Lattes，Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates。Then，during the first period，teachers call in orders on their room phones，and students make deliveries。
By closing time at 9：20 a．m。，the shop usually sells 90 drinks。
“Whoever made the chi tea，Ms。Schatzman says it was good，”Christy McKinley，a second year student，announced recently，after hanging up with the teacher。
The shop is called the Dixie PIT，which stands for Power in Transition。Although some of the students are not disabled，many are，and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school。
They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs。They keep a timecard and receive paychecks，which they keep in check registers。
Specialeducation teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia。
Not that it was easy。Chevalier’s first problem to overcome was productrelated。Should schools be selling coffee？What about sugar content？
Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped。She made sure all the drinks，which use nonfat milk，fell within nutrition（營養） guidelines。The whole school has joined in to help。
Teachers agreed to give up their lounge（休息室） in the mornings。Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall。Business students designed the paychecks。The basketball team helped pay for cups。
59、What is the text mainly about？
A．A bestselling coffee。
B．A special educational program。
C．Government support for schools。
D．A new type of teacherstudent relationship。
60、The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to________。
A．raise money for school affairs
B．do some research on nutrition
C．develop students’ practical skills
D．supply teachers with drinks
61、We know from the text that Ginger Gray________。
A．manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton County
B．sees that the drinks meet health standards
C．teaches at Dixie Heights High School
D．owns the school’s coffee shop
【原題拓展訓練】
Ⅰ。完成這篇文章的文脈構架圖
Ⅱ。資訊句與長難句分析
1、（60題資訊句） Although some of the students are not disabled，many are，and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school。
分析：although引導______________，and連線兩個並列句；前一個分句承前省略了表語________，後一個分句含有help sb。do sth。（幫助某人做某事）的結構；介詞短語after high school作______，修飾life。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
2、（61題資訊句） She made sure all the drinks，which use nonfat milk，fell within nutrition（營養） guidelines。
分析：謂語made sure後省略了連線代詞that，後面是一個______從句all the drinks fell within nutrition guidelines；在主語和謂語中間，插入了一個________________從句which use nonfat milk，修飾主語all the drinks。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
3、“Whoever made the chi tea，Ms。Schatzman says it was good，” Christy McKinley，a second year student，announced recently，after hanging up with the teacher。
分析：whoever引導____________從句；也可以換成no matter who；當whoever引導名詞性從句時，不能與______________互換。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
【原題體驗】
Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly，flies like a fat chicken，eats green leaves，has the stomach of a cow and has claws（爪） on its wings when young。They build their homes about 4。6m above the river，an important feature（特徵） for the safety of the young。It is called the hoatzin。
In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside。The head is small，with a large set of feathers on the top，bright red eyes，and blue skin。Its nearest relatives are the common birds，cuckoos。Its most striking feature，though，is only found in the young。
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip。Using these four claws，together with the beak（喙），they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done。When the young hoatzins have learned to fly，they lose their claws。
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes。
When danger comes in the form of a snake or a monkey，the young hoatzins—maybe three in one family—jump over the side and into the river。They swim about under the water until it is safe to return and then，using their claws，lift themselves up through the branches and get back home。When they have learned to fly，they lose their claws and escape enemies not by swimming but by flying off，in a slow and heavy way，to a neighboring tree。
62、What is the text mainly about？
A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons。
B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins。
C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon。
D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins。
63、Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that________。
A．they look like young cuckoos
B．they have claws on the wings
C．they eat a lot like a cow
D．they live on river banks
64、What can we infer about primitive birds from the text？
A．They had claws to help them climb。
B．They could fly long distances。
C．They had four wings like hoatzins。
D．They had a head with long feathers on the top。
65、Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes？
A．To find more food。
B．To protect themselves better。
C．To keep themselves warm。
D．To produce their young。
【原題拓展訓練】
Ⅰ。完成這篇文章的文脈構架圖
Ⅱ。資訊句與長難句分析
1、（63題資訊句）When they have learned to fly，they lose their claws and escape enemies not by swimming but by flying off，in a slow and heavy way，to a neighboring tree。
分析：句中when引導________________；in a slow and heavy way作__________。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
2、（64題資訊句）Using these four claws，together with the beak（喙），they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done。
分析：本句的邏輯主語是________，using these four claws是現在分詞短語作__________；looking very much like。。。是現在分詞短語作__________。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
3、（65題資訊句）When the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes。
分析：when引導______________；for producing purposes作____________。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
4、In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside。
分析：本句的句子主幹是____________________________；with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside是介詞短語作__________。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
【原題體驗】
There were smiling children all the way。Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway，wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang。Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives。This is the simple village people of Malaysia。I was moved。
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car，so this was the first time I was on a train。I did not particularly relish_the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread。I looked about the train。There was not one familiar face。I sighed and sat down to read my
Economics
。
It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia。Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore，so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past。As we went beyond the city，I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green。Then the first village came into sight。Immediately I came alive，I decided to wave back。
From then on my journey became interesting。I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life。Then everything came alive。The mountains seemed to speak to me。Even the trees were smiling。I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time。
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry。I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3：00 pm。Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth。I looked at the people all around me。They all looked beautiful。When my uncle arrived with a smile，I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug （擁抱）．I had never done this before。He seemed surprised and then his weatherbeaten face warmed up with a huge smile。We walked arm in arm to his car。
I looked forward to the return journey。
66、The author expected the train trip to be________。
A．adventurous B．pleasant
C．exciting D．dull
67、What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip？
A．The friendly country people。
B．The mountains along the way。
C．The crowds of people in the streets。
D．The simple lunch served on the train。
68、Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “relish” in the second paragraph？
A．Choose。 B．Enjoy。
C．Prepare for。 D．Carry on。
69、Where was the writer going？
A．Johore Baru。 B．The Causeway。
C．Butterworth。 D．Singapore。
70、What can we learn from the story？
A．Comfort in traveling by train。
B．Pleasure of living in the country。
C．Reading gives people delight。
D．Smiles brighten people up。
【原題拓展訓練】
Ⅰ。完成這篇文章的文脈構架圖
Ⅱ。資訊句與長難句分析
1、（66題資訊句）I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread。
分析：句中and連線兩個________；to read and reread作__________。
翻譯： ________________________________________________________________________
2、It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia。
分析：“It was＋段時間＋before。。。”結構表示“______________”。
翻譯：________________________________________________________________________
3、When my uncle arrived with a smile，I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug。
分析：when引導________________；to give him a warm hug作__________。
翻譯： ________________________________________________________________________
