英語語法|不定式作介詞賓語

在通常情況下,動詞用作介詞賓語時要用動名詞形式,但也有個別介詞要接不定式作賓語,這類介詞主要是表示“除……之外”的but和except。

but和except後接不定式時,不定式有時帶 to,有時不帶 to,情形比較複雜,大致原則是(特殊情況可能有例外):

若其前有do,不定式不帶to

They did nothing but complain.

他們老是一個勁地抱怨。

He never did anything but watch TV.

除了看電視,他從不幹任何事。

I could do nothing except agree.

我除了同意,沒有別的辦法。

She was willing to do anything except tell me her mane.

她怎麼都行,就是不肯把她的名字告訴我。

若其前沒有do,不定式通常帶to

Nothing remains but to die.

除了死,沒有別的辦法。

I had no choice but to wait.

除了等,我沒有別的選擇。

It had no effect except to make him angry.

除惹他生氣外,沒產生任何效果。

I can do nothing for them except to send them money.

我除了給他們寄錢以外,什麼也不能幫他們。

但是,表示“除……之外”的besides通常後接動名詞。

如:

Besides being heartbroken, she felt foolish.

她除了傷心外,還覺得自己很蠢。

The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.

這齣戲除了太長之外,演得也不好。

Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.

除了當醫生之外,他還在業餘時間寫小說。

She often helps others with their studies besides completing her own.

她除了完成自己的學習任務外,還經常幫助別人學習。

不過,若句子裡含有實義動詞do,則besides後也可接不帶to的不定式(不如接動名詞普通)。

如:

Did he do anything besides hit [hitting] you?

除了打你之外,他們還有沒有別的什麼舉動?

注:雖然介詞後直接跟不定式作賓語的用法非常有限,但介詞後跟“連線代詞或副詞+不定式”的用法則比較普通。

I have no idea of how to do it.

我不知道如何做此事。

They were concerned with how to solve the problem.

他們關心的是如何解決問題。

Your success will largely depend upon how you do it.

你成功與否將主要取決於你怎樣做。

The teacher gave us a talk on how to study English.

老師給我們做了一個如何學英語的講座。